Inhaled Anaesthetic Agents

2011a(7)MAKEUP Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using nitrous oxide as part of a general anaesthetic

2010b(7)99b(15) List the physical properties of oxygen. Discuss the potential adverse effects associated with oxygen administration

2010a(3)07a(1) Describe the adverse effects that may occur with administration of desflurane

2008b(1) Outline the potential beneficial & adverse effects of isoflurane on the cardiovascular system (including mechanisms of action) in patients with ischaemic heart disease

2008a(1) An 80yo woman is undergoing major emergency surgery. Describe the maintenance inhaled concentration of sevoflurane you would choose & the factors that might influence this

2006b(2) Compare and contrast the clinically significant respiratory, cardiovascular and CNS effects of desflurane and isoflurane

2006a(3)01b(10) List the non-ideal features of nitrous oxide

2005b(1) Describe how isoflurane is metabolised. In your answer give reasons why the overall extent of metabolism is so low

2004a(1)96a(9) Describe the effects of isoflurane on intracranial metabolism, intracranial haemodynamics, ICP and the EEG

2003b(2)02b(4) Describe the potential interactions b/n volatile agents and CO2 absorber

2003b(1) Draw and label on the same x-y axis FA/FI for the following halothane concentrations in oxygen showing a 30 minute period from administration

2003a(1)96b(11)95b(5) Outline effects of isoflurane on skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. Indicate how these effects are mediated and their clinical significance

2002b(3)96a(10) Graph FA/FI for the first 30 minutes for N2O, isoflurane and halothane. Outline reasons for the observed differences and indicate the effects of increases in volatile agent concentration and cardiac output

2001a(12) Briefly describe the respiratory effects of volatile agents

2000a(9)97b(14) Compare and contrast the effects on the heart of halothane and isoflurane

1999a(14) Briefly outline the pharmacological effects of volatiles on the kidney

1998a(16) Outline the potential for methoxyflurane and sevoflurane to produce toxic effects on the kidney

1997a(16) Discuss the possible effects of volatile anaesthetic agents on the liver

1996a(12) Define MAC and outline the factors which influence it. Briefly explain MAC-hour, MAC-awake, and MAC-bar and the application of these terms

1995b(10) Briefly describe the mechanism of action of dantrolene. List its adverse effects and use in anaesthesia

MAKEUP Discuss the properties of the ideal volatile anaesthetic agent

MAKEUP Discuss the pharmacokinetic principles of volatile anaesthetic agents

MAKEUP Discuss the CNS effects of volatile anaesthetic agents