Cardiovascular Physiology

2011a(10)06b(9) Describe the factors that oppose left ventricular ejection

2010b(10)97a(8) Discuss the factors that influence coronary blood flow

2010a(13)05b(15)99a(7) Describe the autonomic innervation of the heart and the direct effect of autonomic stimulation on cardiac function

2009a(13): What is the Frank-Starling mechanism and describe its relationship to excitation contraction coupling

2009b(9): Classify the causes of hypotension in the early post-operative period, giving relevant examples

2008b(14) Explain in physiologic terms the effect of severe aortic stenosis on myocardial supply & demand

2007b(9)Briefly explain the CVS responses to central neural blockade

2007a(13)Describe the determinants of venous return and the effects general anaesthesia would have on these

2007a(12)Explain the physiological principles underlying the use of peritoneal dialysis in a patient with chronic renal failure with this dialysate solution

2006a(9)Outline the systemic cardiovascular response to exercise

2005a(14)98b(2)Describe the compensatory mechanisms in a fit person moving from supine to the standing position

2004b(16)01b(8)Explain the physiological processes involved in the development of interstitial oedema

2004b(10)List physiological factors that affect left atrial pressure, and explain their effects. Draw LA pulse pressure trace v time

2004a(10)01a(6)Describe the vasoactive substances released by the endothelium. Explain the role they play in regulating blood flow through the peripheral circulation

2004a(9)95b(3)Briefly outline the differences between the pulmonary and systemic circulations

2003b(10)00b(1)Describe the role of baroreceptors in the control of systemic arterial pressure

2003a(12)99b(6)96b(4)Explain the mechanisms that maintain cerebral blood flow on standing

2003a(10)99a(6)Describe the factors influencing hepatic blood flow

2002b(11)Outline the factors that determine coronary vascular resistance

2002b(9)96a(3) Draw a pressure-volume loop of the left ventricle in a healthy adult and state the normal pressures and volumes. Outline the information that can be obtained and how the loop is made

2002a(2)95b(4) Draw a labelled diagram of a cardiac muscle action potential highlighting the sequence of changes in ionic conductance. Explain the terms ‘threshold’, ‘excitability’, and ‘irritability’

2002a(1)96b(5)Explain briefly how oxygenation of organs can be maintained during isovolaemic haemodilution

2001b(1)98a(1)96b(3)Explain the effects of IPPV on LV output

1999b(8)Draw both aortic root and radial artery pressure wave forms on the same axis. Explain the differences

1999a(8) Explain the significance of plasma oncotic pressure in capillary fluid dynamics

1997b(1) Explain the local effects of a decrease in plasma colloid osmotic pressure in a skeletal muscle capillary bed