Measurement

2011a(16)06b(12) Explain the difference between viscosity and density. Outline the effects of changes in viscosity and density on the flow of gases and liquids

2010b(11)07b(11)02b(14)98b(4) Explain the physical principles of ultrasound imaging

2010a(15)05b(13)00a(1) Explain how cardiac output is measured using a thermodilution technique

2008b(9) What is humidity & how can it be measured?

2007a(15) Describe the effects of resonance and damping on an invasive arterial blood pressure tracing

2006a(15)01a(3) Briefly describe measurement of pH in a blood sample using a pH electrode

2005a(16)98a(4) Briefly explain the principles of Doppler US used to measure cardiac output

2004b(11) Briefly explain how oximetry can be used to estimate the partial pressure of O2 in a blood sample

2004a(14)97b(6) Briefly describe the difference b/n laminar and turbulent flow. List factors that increase the probability of turbulent flow

2003a(13)00b(2)96a(2) Briefly describe the principles and sources of error in the measurement of systemic arterial blood pressure using an automated oscillometric non-invasive monitor

2002a(7) Outline the principles of a pneumotachograph. What factors affect the accuracy of this device?

1999b(7) Describe how the partial pressure of O2 in a blood sample is measured using a Clark Electrode

1999a(5)95b(7)Differentiate between the terms heat and temperature. Explain briefly the principles of a mercury thermometer, indicating its advantages and disadvantages

MAKEUP The basics of BIS

MAKEUP The basics of ECG